Monday 20 March 2023

Railway Station Bike Bandit

Do you recognise this man?

British Transport Police (BTP) have released this CCTV image after two high value bikes were stolen at Watford Junction railway station in Hertfordshire.

The offence happened on Wednesday, January 11.

A man is alleged to have stolen two bicycles from the bike racks.

Officers would like to speak to the man in the image who may have information that could help their investigation.

Anyone who knows him is asked to contact British Transport Police by texting 61016 or by calling 0800 40 50 40.

In both cases, quote reference number 2300005639.

Alternatively, call Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.

Saturday 18 March 2023

Drunken Met Police Officer Harassed Ex-Girlfriend

Unmasked: Officer Kye Cole
A heavy-drinking Metropolitan Police Detective Constable, who refused to accept the break-up of his relationship, harassed his ex-girlfriend with thousands of messages, often threatening suicide and claiming he was travelling to her family home, a court heard.

Kye Cole, 37, made approximately 23,000 calls and texts over a twelve-month period to former partner Lucy Selby, who was forced to quit her job, move home and scrap her entire social life.


Cole, of Cortis Road, Putney fought a charge of harassing social worker Ms Selby between April 7 and 27, last year, but was convicted after a trial at Wimbledon Magistrates Court in which the victim gave evidence.


He received an eighteen-month Community Order, which includes a three-month alcohol treatment requirement and thirty days of a rehabilitation activity requirement.


Cole must also complete 150 hours of community service; pay £2,500 compensation to his ex; £775 courts costs and a £95 victim surcharge.


The couple began dating in October 2020, before moving in together in April 2021, but the relationship was damaged by arguments and Cole’s alcohol problem.


Ms Selby left the police officer in April, last year, but complained: “Kye does not take no for an answer,” and continued receiving harassing phone calls and texts from him. 


Harassed: Lucy Selby
She told the court: “I have become accustomed to Kye sending me excessive amounts of text messages. When he drinks he would send approximately 200 messages a day along with 40 calls.


“None were threatening. At the most Kye would say that he will kill himself if I did not respond and I would usually respond to those messages.


“I am concerned regarding Kye’s professional commitment. The messages I saw included him booking massage appointments during work hours.


“All I want is for Kye to stop contacting me.”


Things came to a head when Cole sent her pictures of his supposed journey from London to Manchester, near the family home where she and her four siblings grew up and her parents still live.


“That incident left me feeling unnerved and uncomfortable. I live in a small village and wondered what would have happened had he found my address or bumped into anyone I knew.


‘The people I live with have their own vulnerabilities and this would not have been fair on them. The relentless nature of Kye’s behaviour made me feel helpless and filled with despair.”


District Judge Simon Heptonstall told him: “I heard your trial and what you had done and even though the length of the charge is three weeks there was a lot happening over a longer period that was intense and caused by your drinking.


“You were not accepting of the end of the relationship and you attempted to exert control by threatening suicide and had a plan to go from London to her family’s home, which you backed-up with photographs you sent her.


“She would have expected to feel safe in her childhood home as would her family and your behaviour effected her siblings and parents as well.


“When she saw someone who looked like you near the family home she felt despair and helplessness.


“She changed jobs and moved home and feared you could track her down.


“You realised fear would have been caused and said you would not have done it if you had not been drinking.


“This was very serious distress caused and Ms Selby changed how she goes out and socialises and had had to change her friendship group and how she relates to other people.


“It is an aggravating factor that you were in drink and caused serious harm.”


Cole’s lawyer Kiera Oluwunmi told the court: “He has lost his good character and a misconduct hearing is due that he knows will result in the loss off his career.


“He has had a fifty thousand pounds inheritance from his father that will allow him to keep his life on track until he finds a new job and put a deposit down on  a home.


“He has addressed his alcohol use, which was triggered by the death of his father and lockdown and is extremely remorseful for his actions.”


The court heard there had been a recent relapse, with Cole drinking three bottles a day.


“He does need to rebuild his life and is extremely sorry,” added the lawyer.


District Judge Heptonstall told Cole: “You were of good character. You wouldn’t have had the job that you had otherwise. 


“In fact, you have positive good character and you have served in the police service for a number of years. You have served the community.


“Relating to this offence you did not abuse your position as a police officer to a significant extent.


“This is a case where I can draw back from custody, but there will be a significant Community Order. You need to be punished.”


In her victim impact statement Ms Selby said: “The past nine months have been a process of me rebuilding my life, piece by piece in which every area of my life has been altered.”


She is in a new relationship, but finds the habits she developed to satisfy jealous and controlling Cole remain.


“I had been conditioned into a habit from when I was with Kye of working out in my mind how I could engineer a situation where I could take a photo, which would prove that there was a female friend present and I was not alone in a pub with a guy.


“There have been a couple of occasions in August and November when I felt suicidal,” she added, recalling an incident when an Apple store employee questioned why she had 23,000 calls in just twelve months.


“To conclude, despite everything I don’t hold any kind of resentment or bitterness towards Kye.”

Thursday 16 March 2023

PCSO Guilty Of Sexually Assaulting WPC In Station Gym

Kiss: Oniba
A Police Community Support Officer, who left a WPC in tears after hugging and kissing her on the neck in the station’s basement gym, has been convicted of sexual assault.

PCSO Edward Oniba, 54, was alone with the female officer at Kilburn Police Station and had previously showered her with compliments, which she told the trial were “creepy.”


Oniba, of Pasteur Court, Nightingale Avenue, Harrow was found guilty of one count of sexual assault at the Salusbury Road, station in north-west London on October 30, 2020.


At Harrow Crown Court he was sentenced to a twelve-month Community Order, which includes 100 hours of community service work.


“He said: ‘How about a hug then?’ I don’t like hugging people, let alone strangers and said: ‘ Gosh, no I’m sweaty’ at which point he moved forward and put his arms around me,” she told the court.


“I tapped him on the back and he’s kissed the right side of my neck. I was not sweaty, I just didn’t want him to hug me,” the officer added.


She abandoned her work-out due to Oniba staring at her, she said. “I don’t know if it was like a leer, but like a ‘hmmm…’ so I left.


“He was just looking at me as I was doing lunges and as I was doing mountain climbers he looked around the door.


“I was a little disgusted, shocked and frustrated that I didn’t asked him: ‘What do you think you are doing?’


“I think it is completely disgusting. I don’t see how he feels he has the right to kiss me on the neck, that’s incredibly personal.”


The Metropolitan Police officer of nine years told the court she had only spoken to Oniba for the first time a week before the incident.


She worked-out in a small area by the lift shaft next to the gym either before or after shifts and Oniba was the only person in the basement on that occasion.


“He asked questions like, was I married?,” she told jury, confirming she informed the defendant she had a police officer boyfriend.


“He said something like: ‘The good-looking ones are always taken,” and that he did not know why I was working-out because I looked good.


“He said he had not seen me in the gym for a while and always saw me going into work, walking past and he would check me out.


“I laughed it off as it was a work gym and it was a compliment, but there is a line to being creepy and he crossed that line to being weird.”


When she started her work-out a week later Oniba was there again. “I thought: ‘I really don’t want to be in this situation.’ I just wanted to get on with my work-out.


“He came out of the gym to talk to me and asked what team I worked on  and I told him the Response Team. He said: ‘Oh, I’d join if I knew you were there.’


“I told him I was leaving the team anyway and he said: ‘If you’re leaving you’ll have to give me your number.’


“I told him my partner would not like that, but he kept asking ‘if you are sure’ about five times.”


Oniba then moved into hug the petite officer, whose back was against the lift shaft wall, the court heard, but he denies placing his lips on her neck.


After abandoning her work-out the officer messaged a friend: ‘Ed is in the gym and he’s f***ing creepy.’


The friend responded that it was important the complainant’s police officer boyfriend did not find out. “He’s going to break quarantine and possibly someone’s face.”


The officer did not report Oniba immediately, messaging a friend: “I’d rather it if the world did not know.”


Four months later she made an anonymous complaint to the Met’s Directorate of Professional Standards and their investigation identified both her and Oniba.


Prosecutor Peter Rouch KC said: “Apart from a polite ‘hello’ prior to the week before the incident the complainant had not spoken to this defendant or know his name.


“He carried on a conversation  a week before the incident in a personal and familiar way, saying things like: ‘You look good.’


“It was 7.45pm when she went to the gym and no-one else was there except the defendant, who removed his headphones when he saw her and began talking to her.


“She made it clear to him she was not giving him her telephone number.


“She was standing with her back to the lift shaft and the defendant was gradually getting closer to her and asked her if he could have a hug.


“He put both of his arms around her and hugged her and kissed her on the neck.


“She said she was going to complete her work-out, but was so upset by his behaviour she left and in tears telephoned a friend, a police officer and told them what had happened.”


The WPC WhatsApp messaged two other friends with a similar account of what happened.


“Another work colleague says she was sounding upset on the telephone and then found her at the station crying and later another police officer said she was still upset.”


A few moths later Oniba - attached to the North West Basic Command Unit - was working-out in the gym with a male police officer, the prosecutor told the jury. 


“This defendant told him he had been in the gym and there was a female police officer there that he found attractive and asked for her telephone number and that she said ‘no’ and he hugged her and kissed her on the neck.”


Oniba was questioned on May 27, 2021. “The defendant admitted hugging her, but absolutely denied kissing her on the neck.


“It is our case  he kissed her in the way described, totally without her consent.”


After the verdict Chief Superintendent Dan Knowles, in charge of the North West Basic Command Unit said: “I am absolutely appalled by PCSO Oniba’s completely inappropriate behaviour, which has absolutely no place in the Met.


“No one should be subject to sexual assault, especially in their place of work. I would like to thank the victim for coming forward and speaking up about her colleague’s unacceptable behaviour.


“PCSO Oniba has been convicted and will now face the consequences.”


He remains suspended from duty a misconduct proceedings will follow.

Tuesday 14 March 2023

City Tech Exec's Boozy Bum Grope

An IT specialist with a City tech company groped a young female trainee’s bum after a drunken team bonding session at a crazy golf venue, a court heard today.


The Moorgate firm funded a free bar at ‘Swingers’, in the heart of the Square Mile, where business development director Michael Swain, 35, drank heavily along with his colleagues, Inner London Crown Court heard.


When they continued drinking at the nearby ‘Slug & Lettuce’ pub he came behind the 23 year-old trainee, put his hand between her legs and groped her bum.


Swain, of Valkyrie Road, Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex had fought the case for four years, but after two hours of damning evidence changed his plea to guilty of one count of sexual assault at the City pub on September 13, 2019.


“She felt somebody grab her bottom, coming from underneath and his hand was between her legs,” said prosecutor Fer Chinner. “She saw that it was this defendant who touched her.


“She was in shock and said: ‘He’s just grabbed my bum.’ She was angry and was seen crying and went to the Ladies to calm down.”


When she reported Swain to her bosses the following Monday he remained with the company after apologising during disciplinary proceedings, but she was so upset she resigned.


“She had been with the company for four months and Swain was known in the company to be a top performer, bringing in big revenues,” the prosecutor told the jury.


“They had quarterly team building days and after an 11am presentation they had lunch and then went to play crazy golf at ‘Swingers’.


“There was a free bar there, funded by the company, and by all accounts people were taking advantage and drinking quite a lot of alcohol.”


The company even had a beer tap in their office and enjoyed celebratory ‘Friday Shouts’ drinking sessions, congratulating staff for achievements during the week.


“They split into team to play golf and a colleague of Swain noted he ‘did not seem himself’ putting it down to also getting drunk the night before.”


Swain later told police he had attended a charity function the previous evening, followed by a trip to the casino, where he won £6,000, bought everybody drinks and had only two hours sleep that night.


Swain’s golf team included the complainant and another woman. “They were drunk, all of them. They had all been drinking,” explained Ms Chinner.


“This defendant asked the other woman: ‘Can I touch her inappropriately?’ referring to the complainant and then told the trainee herself: ‘She says I can’t touch you inappropriately.’


“The complainant put this down to being drunk and carried on and felt nothing of it.


“He then told her: ‘I’m going to take some cocaine,’ and offered her some, but she declined.”


At around 5.30pm a group of 15 went to the ‘Slug & Lettuce’ and continued drinking. 


“Swain was noted to be more drunk than the others and a colleague saw him grab another woman’s bottom and when she moved away he apologised and backed-off.”


Half an hour later the complainant was chatting to colleague Thomas Brook, when she felt Swain grope her from behind, the court heard.


“He got more intoxicated as the day went on,” Mr Brook told the trial. “I could see him stepping backwards and his hand coming away from her bottom.


“Initially there was a shock factor to it.”


The trial heard Swain was known as a “high flier” who “brought huge amounts of money into the company.”


Mr Brook agreed. “It is known within the company who the fast progressing members of the team are and who were bringing in large sales.”


Another colleague confronted Swain, saying: “You just assaulted her,” and the defendant replied: “Sorry. I f***ed up,” the jury were told.


“When she returned from the Ladies Swain apologised and she complained to HR and during disciplinary proceedings this defendant wrote a letter of apology to her.


“He wrote that he had little memory of the incident and was disappointed with himself.


“He was allowed to stay on and the complainant was very uncomfortable because Swain did not seem to stick by his apology and she handed in her resignation.”


Another colleague David Igbinovia told the jury: “I saw him with his hand. It definitely contacted the backside, the bum.


“She was mortified, absolutely shocked and I was as well. I said: ‘Michael, what the f*** are you doing? We are family here. You just assaulted her.


“She went to the toilet and she was in tears at that point and he said: ‘I’m sorry. I f***ed up.’


“She was quite concerned about reporting this, with him being so high up in the company.” 


Swain was questioned by police two weeks later and denied ever offering the young woman cocaine. He also said he was still drunk from the night before when he began drinking again.


“He accepted he touched her bottom through drunken boisterousness and it was not a sexual thing,” said Ms Chinner.


After Swain - who is no longer with the company - changed his plea to guilty Judge Jane Rowley bailed him until May 25 for sentencing, announcing: “I will be considering all options, including imprisonment.


“There may be other options. We need to see why he behaved this way because there is nothing to suggest he has done anything like this in the past.


“The complainant has waited months, years to give evidence due to the initial not guilty plea and I would appreciate a victim impact statement.” 

Sunday 12 March 2023

Tube Train Passenger Robbed Of Belongings

A morning tube train passenger was mugged for his coat; mobile phone; wallet; passport and bag by two unknown young males.

British Transport Police (BTP) have released this CCTV image of their suspects and are treating the incident as an offence of robbery.

Officers are appealing for members of the public to assist with their identification.

The victim was walking towards the Jubilee Line at Green Park station, central London at 9.40am on Thursday, November 24, last year.

He was stopped by two males who demanded his belongings.

They then snatched his coat, mobile phone, wallet, passport and bag.

The two males then ran off towards the northbound Victoria Line platform.

Officers would like to speak to the people in the images who may have information that can help their investigation.

Anyone who knows them is asked to contact BTP by texting 61016 or by calling 0800 40 50 40.

In both cases, quote reference number 161 of 24/11/22.

Alternatively, call Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.

Friday 10 March 2023

Mugged In The Ladies Toilet At Victoria Station

A young woman was struck to the floor and robbed of her headphones in the Ladies toilet of busy Victoria Station by a mystery male mugger.

British Transport Police have released this CCTV image of an unknown male suspect they are hunting and have requested the assistance of the public in identifying him.

The victim – aged in her twenties – entered the Ladies near Platform One at approximately 7.50am on Thursday, January 19.

A man entered and struck her to the head, causing her to fall to the floor.

He then snatched her headphones. 

Fortunately, the victim did not suffer any injuries.

The man fled the station via the Hudson’s place exit.

Officers would like to speak to the man in the images who may have information that could help their investigation.

Anyone who recognises him is asked to contact British Transport Police by texting 61016 or by calling 0800 40 50 40.

In both cases, quote reference number 328 of 19/01/23.

Alternatively, call Crimestoppers anonymously by calling 0800 555 111.

Wednesday 8 March 2023

"Creepy" PCSO Accused Of Planting Unwanted Kiss On WPC

A Police Community Support Officer left a WPC in tears after pestering her for her phone number in the station’s basement gym before hugging and kissing her on the neck, a jury were told yesterday.

PCSO Edward Oniba, 54, was alone with the female officer at Kilburn Police Station and had previously showered her with compliments, which she told the court were “creepy.”


Oniba, of Pasteur Court, Nightingale Avenue, Harrow has pleaded not guilty to one count of sexual assault at the Salusbury Road, station in north-west London on October 30, 2020.


“He said: ‘How about a hug then?’ I don’t like hugging people, let alone strangers and said: ‘ Gosh, no I’m sweaty’ at which point he moved forward and put his arms around me,” she told Harrow Crown Court.


“I tapped him on the back and he’s kissed the right side of my neck. I was not sweaty, I just didn’t want him to hug me,” the officer added.


She abandoned her work-out due to Oniba staring at her, she said. “I don’t know if it was like a leer, but like a ‘hmmm…’ so I left.


“He was just looking at me as I was doing lunges and as I was doing mountain climbers he looked around the door.


“I was a little disgusted, shocked and frustrated that I didn’t asked him: ‘What do you think you are doing?’


“I think it is completely disgusting. I don’t see how he feels he has the right to kiss me on the neck, that’s incredibly personal.”


The Metropolitan Police officer of nine years told the court she had only spoken to Oniba for the first time a week before the incident.


She worked-out in a small area by the lift shaft next to the gym either before or after shifts and Oniba was the only person in the basement on that occasion.


“He asked questions like, was I married?,” she told jury, confirming she informed the defendant she had a police officer boyfriend.


“He said something like: ‘The good-looking ones are always taken,” and that he did not know why I was working-out because I looked good.


“He said he had not seen me in the gym for a while and always saw me going into work, walking past and he would check me out.


“I laughed it off as it was a work gym and it was a compliment, but there is a line to being creepy and he crossed that line to being weird.”


When she started her work-out a week later Oniba was there again. “I thought: ‘I really don’t want to be in this situation.’ I just wanted to get on with my work-out.


“He came out of the gym to talk to me and asked what team I worked on  and I told him the Response Team. He said: ‘Oh, I’d join if I knew you were there.’


“I told him I was leaving the team anyway and he said: ‘If you’re leaving you’ll have to give me your number.’


“I told him my partner would not like that, but he kept asking ‘if you are sure’ about five times.”


Oniba then moved into hug the petite officer, whose back was against the lift shaft wall, the court heard, but he denies placing his lips on her neck.


After abandoning her work-out the officer messaged a friend: ‘Ed is in the gym and he’s f***ing creepy.’


The friend responded that it was important the complainant’s police officer boyfriend did not find out. “He’s going to break quarantine and possibly someone’s face.”


The officer did not report Oniba immediately, messaging a friend: “I’d rather it if the world did not know.”


Four months later she made an anonymous complaint to the Met’s Directorate of Professional Standards and their investigation identified both her and Oniba.


Prosecutor Peter Rouch KC said: “Apart from a polite ‘hello’ prior to the week before the incident the complainant had not spoken to this defendant or know his name.


“He carried on a conversation  a week before the incident in a personal and familiar way, saying things like: ‘You look good.’


“It was 7.45pm when she went to the gym and no-one else was there except the defendant, who removed his headphones when he saw her and began talking to her.


“She made it clear to him she was not giving him her telephone number.


“She was standing with her back to the lift shaft and the defendant was gradually getting closer to her and asked her if he could have a hug.


“He put both of his arms around her and hugged her and kissed her on the neck.


“She said she was going to complete her work-out, but was so upset by his behaviour she left and in tears telephoned a friend, a police officer and told them what had happened.”


The WPC WhatsApp messaged two other friends with a similar account of what happened.


“Another work colleague says she was sounding upset on the telephone and then found her at the station crying and later another police officer said she was still upset.”


A few moths later Oniba was working-out in the gym with a male police officer, the prosecutor told the jury. 


“This defendant told him he had been in the gym and there was a female police officer there that he found attractive and asked for her telephone number and that she said ‘no’ and he hugged her and kissed her on the neck.”


Oniba was questioned on May 27, 2021. “The defendant admitted hugging her, but absolutely denied kissing her on the neck.


“It is our case  he kissed her in the way described, totally without her consent.”


Trial continues……………..

Monday 6 March 2023

Attacked For Asking Train Directions: Assault At Earl's Court Station

A tube train passenger was left needing surgery to his injured eye after simply asking a mystery man for directions.

The unknown male inflicted the injury when asked the destination of the next train.

British Transport Police (BTP) have released this image of their suspect and are requesting the assistance of the public in identifying him.

The victim was travelling through Earl's Court Underground Station at approximately 5.00pm on Saturday, January 14.

He told police that after enquiring if the train was travelling to Notting Hill the man assaulted him.

The victim was left with facial injuries to his eye, which required surgery.

Investigating officers would like to speak to the man in the images who may have information that can help their investigation.

Anyone who knows him is asked to contact BTP by texting 61016 or by calling 0800 40 50 40.

In both cases, quote reference number 420 of 14/01/23.

Alternatively, call Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.

Saturday 4 March 2023

Young Females Wanted For Violent London Bridge Robbery Bid

Transport cops are hunting a gang of wannabe young female muggers, who knocked a woman unconscious at London Bridge Underground Station.

The victim sustained cuts and bruises to her face and body.

It is believed the attack only ended when station staff intervened.

British Transport Police (BTP) are treating the investigation as an attempted robbery.

Officers have released this image of the individuals they would like to speak to about the incident.

At approximately 11.45pm on Sunday, January 2 the victim was walking towards the exit at the station when she was approached by a group of women.

They threatened her, before launching the violent attack. 

None of the victim’s belongings were taken.

Officers would like to talk to the women in these images, as it is believed they may be able to help the investigation.

Anyone with information is asked to text BTP on 61016, or phone 0800 40 50 40, with reference 600 of 2 January.

Alternatively, you can contact Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.

Thursday 2 March 2023

Teen Stabbed In Head At Stratford Station

A 16 year-old youth was viciously beaten and stabbed in the head at a busy east London underground station.

British Transport Police (BTP) have released these CCTV images of three suspects they are searching for in relation to the incident.

The male victim was ambushed by two attackers after a third had tried to trip him up as he walked through Stratford Underground station at approximately 2.22pm on Monday, February 13.

The boy was kicked and stamped and stabbed in the head and arm.

The victim was taken to hospital, where he received treatment and is now recovering at home.

Detectives believe the young men in these CCTV images may have information which could help their investigation. 

If you recognise them or have any information please contact BTP by texting 61016 or calling 0800 40 50 40 quoting reference 603-13/02/23.

Alternatively you can call Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.

Tuesday 28 February 2023

Farmer Jailed For £1M-Plus VAT Fraud

A Horsham farmer was today sentenced to three years and eight months imprisonment for a VAT fraud.

Gayne Cooper, 62, who has two company directorships, appeared at Lewes Crown Court.


He had earlier appeared at Croydon Magistrates Court, where he pleaded guilty to one count of being knowingly concerned in the fraudulent evasion of VAT between April 1, 2013 and December 10, 2019.


Cooper, of Stonehouse Farm, Plummers Plain was said by the prosecution to be responsible for a £1.7m fraud.


He maintained the VAT figure was nearer £1.5m.


Cooper is a director of Hammer Valley Farm and Biowaste Recovery.


At the initial Magistrates Court appearance District Judge Devinder Sandhu announced: “The defendant has pleaded guilty to a serious offence. 


“It is a serious matter,” she told Cooper. “You have indicated a guilty plea to this court, which does not have sufficient sentencing powers to deal with you.”

Sunday 26 February 2023

Retrial For Accused "Can I Have A Go?" Rapist

A homeless passer-by, accused of raping an A-Level art student after asking: “Can I have a go?” has learned he will face a re-trial on the charge .

Rough sleeper Wesley Roden, 33, will return to Southwark Crown Court on June 10, next year to fight the allegation.


An eleven-strong jury failed to reach a majority 10-1 verdict either way after a week-long trial.


The complainant, who was 18 years-old at the time, told the trial she was being raped by a mystery male in Victoria Embankment Gardens, Charing Cross when Roden arrived on the scene.


She had gone to the West End with three female friends and after drinking a large quantity of alcohol and consuming drugs ended up in the small secure park with an unknown man she met in nearby Heaven nightclub in the early hours of August 16, 2019.


Roden, of Museum Street, Warrington told police he had consensual intercourse with the student after stumbling upon the pair having sex on the grass.


After one juror was discharged during the trial the remaining eleven members confirmed not even a majority verdict of ten of them was a prospect and Recorder Tom Forster KC announced: “I don’t have any option but to discharge the jury in this case.


“You have all done your best and you should be proud of yourselves,” he told them. “Thank-you for your time, energy and concentration.”